By Aena Muskan
Introduction
Every year, around 600 million people fall sick after eating contaminated food leading to 420,000 deaths and costing the world 33 million healthy life years – All of this happens just because of unhygienic conditions and careless eating habits that we often ignore.
What seems like a simple stomach issue can turn serious if early signs especially dehydration are overlooked. Many people end up in hospitals just because they didn’t act in time. In this blog, we’ll break down the symptoms to watch out for, how to manage food poisoning safely at home, and smart ways to prevent it in the first place.
What is Food Poisoning?
Food poisoning happens when you ingest food contaminated with toxins like bacteria, parasites, or viruses. These pathogens disrupt the body’s normal physiological system, and in response, your body tries to flush them out through natural mechanisms like vomiting and diarrhea. As a result, you start feeling sick, weak, and dizzy. It is typically a foodborne disease, your body’s reaction to something in your food that shouldn’t be there and its your body’s way of fighting back.

Top Culprits Behind Food Poisoning
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Parasites
- Harmful toxins
- Molds
- Tainted food
- Unhygienic conditions
Common pathogens includes are
Clostridium botulinum | Clostridium botulinum spreads through fermented canned foods, produces nerve toxins that leads to botulinum. |
Escherichia coli | Spreads through raw half cooked meat and unpasteurized milk. E. coli causes food poisoning by releasing toxins in the gut. |
Campylobacter | Spreads through aw and uncooked poultry, tainted water and milk. |
Norvo virus | Spreads through fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, produces toxins that leads to sudden vomiting and diarrhea. |
Rota virus | Contaminated food, water, or commonly touched items like faucet handles or utensils can carry the virus. |
Signs And Symptoms
Symptoms typically starts appearing within 3-6 hours of eating contaminated food. General symptoms are:

- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea
- Projectile vomiting
- Fever and chills
- Nausea
- Headache and dizziness
If symptoms persists for more than 2 days then seek medical assistance immediately or when you observe these symptoms
- Bloody stools
- Impairment in cognitive functions ( blurred vision, alteration in thinking patterns, paralysis)
- Fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit (38.4 degrees Celsius)
The Groups Food Poisoning Hits Hardest Are:
1. Infants and children
Children are more prone to food poisoning as their immune system isn’t fully developed. Their body is unable to fight against germs such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. Common symptoms include are as follows
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Sunken eyes
- No wet diaper for more than 3 hours
- No tears while crying
- Fever
These symptoms lead to severe dehydration that is the major cause of hospitalization and death among infants.
2. Elderly people
Older adults are more susceptible to food poisoning because their immune systems become weaker and slower with age. The body struggles to fight off pathogens present in contaminated food. Moreover, since many elderly individuals suffer from chronic conditions such as kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders, and diabetes, these health issues can make foodborne illnesses even more dangerous and harder to recover from. Dehydration, hypertension, and electrolyte imbalance could become the cause of hospitalization and further complications.
3. Pregnant women
Certain pathogens such as listeria crosses placenta and causes serious complications to fetus. Complications could be
- Miscarriage
- Immature birth
- Sepsis in newborn
- Meningitis in newborn

Treatment for Food Poisoning
- Anti diarrheal medicines
- Antibiotics
These are generally preferred as a first line treatment by a physician and pharmacists. However, for most people symptoms resolved within 36 hours. To get relief faster,
- Take plenty of fluids
- Use oral rehydration solutions
- Take low fat and easy to digest foods such as bananas, cereals, boiled rice, oats, fresh juices and broths.
- Do plenty of rest
- Stay away from spicy, fried and processed foods
- Avoid taking alcohol and caffeine
In case symptoms don’t resolve, seek out medical attention immediately.
Prevention: How To Protect Yourself From Food Poisoning
You’ve heard the saying, “Prevention is better than cure.” The best way to protect your food from harmful germs is by practicing proper hygiene. Here’s how you can keep your meals safe:
- Wash your hands properly, it’s better to wash your hands properly before cooking, eating and even touching food.
- Meat, seafood, and poultry should be cooked thoroughly at the recommended temperature, as high heat stops the growth of microorganisms and kills them.
- Store food safely in refrigerator after cooking, keep your fridge below 4 degrees centigrade.
- Rinse fruits and vegetables properly under clear running water.
- Thoroughly clean your kitchen shelves and utensils to avoid any contamination.
Conclusion
Food poisoning isn’t just an upset stomach, it can be serious for those who are at most risks: pregnant ladies, infants and people with weakened immunity. But the good part is you can prevent it little awareness and by some simple tips. Remember your kitchen can be the biggest source of germs nourishment or a silent threat. By handling food safely, cooking it properly, and refrigerating it on time can prevent it from getting this state of sickness.